Spray-nozzle.



H. D. BINKS.

SPRAY NOZZLE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 1e. 19xa.

1,282,175., P ented 0ct.22,1918.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 16, 1918. Serial No. 228,869.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARRY D. BINKS, citizen of the United States, residing at River Forest, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spray-Nozzles; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

In some of its general aspects, my invention relates to nozzles for spraying fluids, and to methods for manipulating a fluid while within a nozzle-casing or the like, so as to produce certain desirable efiects. More particularly, my invention relates to a novel method of manipulating fluid within a spray-nozzle so that the spray emitted from the nozzle will be substantlalliy uniform or homogeneous, and to the provi ing of means for accomplishing this purpose with a minimum of friction and a minimum risk of clogging the nozzle. For these general purposes, by invention aims to provide a nozzle construction in which the desired manipulating of the fluid within the casing of the nozzle is accomplished by a single, easily removed and cleaned core, and one which affords relatively large passages for the fluid and therefore reduces the risk of clogging the nozzle, either by scale deposits upon portions of the nozzle or by the lodging of foreign matters Within the nozzle. Moreover, my invention aims to accomplish these purposes by the use of a simple nozzle core having all of the fluid-manipulating portions formed upon its exterior, and hence avoiding the diii'iculties heretofore met with nozzles having one or more fluid supply bores extending through the bodies of the same.

Viewed in another aspect, my invention aims to subject a stream of liquid to forces acting in relatively different directions upon this stream, so as to cause different portions of a single and imperforate stream of liquid to impact both upon each other and r upon a nozzle casing for the purpose of con verting this stream into a spray of substantially uniform consistency. Heretofore, the spray nozzles in'general use have been so rally and afterward shaped or conical sheet of spray. Attempts Patented Oct. 22, 1918.

have also been made to provlde a central core for such a hollow column of liquid so as to afford a spray in the shape of a solid cone, and for this purpose nozzles have been constructed with one portion producing a tubular stream, while another portion produced a separate jet or jets which were afterward intermixed and blended with the hollow stream. To produce the two different types of separated jets or streams which were afterward intermingled, it has been necessary to equi the core of the nozzle with stantially longitudinally and disposed one witlun the other. This multiplicity of passages has involved considerable friction for the liquid; and, in providing passages disposed one within the other, it has been necessary to make these passages so small as to be easily clogged and difficult to clean. Moreover, the inner passages have necessarily been in the shape of through the core bores, thus increasing the tendency toward clogging the same, and the diiliculty of cleaning the same, as compared with turbine vanes disposed adjacent to the-casing of the nozzle and therefore freely accessible when the core was removed from the casing.

To overcome these and other objections, my invention aims to manipulate a solid stream of liquid in such a way as to deliver the same inan imperforate condition into the mixing or spray-producing chamher, and to subdivide this stream into spray entirely by the impact of the single and imperforate stream against the walls of the mixing chamber and by the action of different parts of the stream upon each other. For this purpose, my invention aims to provide a nozzle core which will impart difa number of passages extending subferent motional tendencies to difi'erent parts part a plurality of thrusts to ditterent portions of. the liquid s ream which thrusts will differ as to the rotational or spirally advancing tendencies afiorded by them and which thrusts may also difier as to their efiectivehess longitudinally of the nozzle, so that the comiicting tendencies of these various thrusts will tend to move the liquid particles within the stream. 1 then aim to utilize the resulting composite motions of the particles of liquid as well as the impact of his solid stream against the walls of the mixing chamber, for breaking this stream into a spray, and for forcing the resulting spray out of the nozzle in a substantially homogeneous or. solid cone form.

in carrying out my invention, 1 preferably airord these varying forces by the action or the pressure of the liquid upon formations disposed entirely upon the exterior ot a core, thus avoiding the objectionable perforations heretofore used in nozzle cores. For this purpose l desirably employ a core or": turbine or helicoidal vane type, and desirably arrange these vanes so that the rear surface of each vane cooperates with the casing or" the nozzle in refiecting liquid a ainst the forward surface of another vane,

a thereby causing liquid to now along the opposite faces of each vane. I also and prererahly "fashion the tip of each vane for utilizing the pressure of the liquid in intermingling the liquid which had been flowing toward the said tip along opposite surface portions of the vane, thereby uniting the parts into which the liquid was initially divided by the body of the core and delivering this liquid in the form or" a single and solid stream into the mixing hamber.

Illustrative of my invention, Figure l of the accompanying drawings is an elevation of a nozzle embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal and vertical section through the same along the line 22 of Fig. l.

Figs. 3 and a are enlarged top and bottom plan views respectively of the nozzle core of the embodiment of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of the same nozzle core.

in the embodiment or" the drawings, the spray nozzle of my invention consists of a nozzle easing, which in this instance is equipped with a thread 2 for attachment to a liquid supply pipe, and a nozzle core supported within this casing by a suitable means, such as the screw 3. The casing 1 has a substantially cylindrical tubular portion closely fitting the exterior or the nozzle core, and also has a tapering portionconnecting this tubular part with the contracted outlet t at the tip of the nozzle, thus ai i-ording a tapering mixing chamber A between the core and the outlet of the nozzle. The nozzle core in this instance has two Suhstantially helical vanes rigidly connected to each other, as for example by a hub 5, which vanes present inclined surfaces against which the liquid impinges, so that the rear surfaces of the vanes deflectthe liquid and cooperate with the adjacent wall portions of the nozzle casing in imparting a-spirally advancing movement to the liquid as the latter asses between the vanes, or spirally around the hub 5. Each of these vanes has a forward tip overhanging the rear end of the other vane in a direction longitudinal of the nozzle.

With the liquid pressure under which spray nozzles are commonly used, a considerable part of the liquid deflected from the rear surfaces of each vane will be projected against the forward surface of the other vane, so that portions of the liquid will flow along the opposed surfaces of each vane.

if both ends or each vane were plain SUI-- iaces extending radially of the nozzle, the result would be the formation of spiral or hollow rotating jets, thus delivering liquid in one or more hollow streams into the mixing chamber. To avoid such a hollow formation, 1 subject portions of the liquid flowing along the opposed surfaces of each vane to pressure so directed as to commingle these liquid portions at the moment of their leaving the said opposed surface portions or" the vane at the tip of the latter, and so as to force some of these liquid portions toward the axis or the nozzle. For example, K may form recesses 8 and 9 respectively at the torward ends of the vanes 6 and 7, so that the radially inward portions of the liquid flowing along the rear face of these vanes may issue through the said recesses before the adjacent radially outward portions of the stream flowing along the same vanes reach the extreme tips of the latter. By so doing, the continual forward pressure ol the liquid forces a portion of the same through the said recesses more'forcibly than such liquid is forced forward beyond the extreme tip of the vanes, since the said extreme tips are partly shielded as to a direct forward pressure of the liquid by the extreme rear ends of the companion vanes. As the result, the liquid issuing through the said recesses is forcibly commingled with a portion of the liquid which flowed toward the same recesses along the forward surfaces of the vanes, and this forcible commingling moves the liquid in front of the two recess portions of the'core toward each other. Consequently, the portions into which the stream was divided by the core of the nozzle meet immediately in front of the hub or center portion. of the nozzle, thus presenting a single and solid stream at the rear end of the mixin chamer D. To increase the effect of c said recesses S and 9, l desirably equip the rear end of the nozzle core with cooperating forafiording the equivalent of bores extending through the nozzle core in directions substantially parallel to the axis of the core.

Besides aitording such a comminglin of the liquid stream portions previously. ow-

ing along opposite surface portions of the two vanes, as Wlll also force d1v1s1onal-portions of the liquid radially inward of the nozzle to entirely cover the forward end of the latter, these recess formations are also eiiective in subjecting certain portions ofthe liquid stream forward of the nozzle core to pressures acting in difi'erent directions from the pressures acting upon the ortions of the liquid stream which fiowe alon the vanes to the extreme tips of the latter. hus, it will be obvious from Figs. 3 and 4 that the equivalent of longitudinal bores afforded by the pairs of coiiperating recesses would tend to afford liquid jets extending past the core and parallel to the axis of the nozzle. However, each of the liquid portions tending to form such a jet will be successively subjected to the lateral pressure of liquid refiected from the rear surface of one of the vanes, and thereafter to that of liquid flowing along the forward surface of the same vane. Consequently, instead of flowing parallel to the axis of the nozzle, such portions of the liquid-will tend to flow along spiral courses diflering from that pursued by the portions of the liquid which traverse the faces of the vanes all the way to the tips of the latter. Thus, the solid stream immediately in front of the nozzle (or at the rear. end of the mixing chamber) has a pair of diametrically opposite outer portions tending to move with a spirally advancing motion, has portions inward of the latter and tend-. ing to move at a different spirally advancing rate, and still other portions tending to move toward each other from the two recesses. These conflicting tendencies (perhaps increased in number by the difi'erences in the spiral movement imparted by the rear and forward faces of the vanes respectively) are accentuated by the impact of different portions of the liquid against the sloping wall of the mixing chamber and by the taper of the latter, which taper tends to force the difierent portions of the liquid more closely toward oneanother. Hence, these conflicting forces, together with the shape of the mixing chamber, cotiperate in breaking the liquid into a spray, and the pressure of the solid stream of liquid back of this spray forces the latter through the outlet of the nozzle. By suitably proportioning the formations of the vanes which convert the supply pressure of the liquid stream into the conflicting forces, into which the stream is thus-subjected (and which formations are here illustratedin the form of recesses at bothends of the vane), and b suitably proportionin the size of the so id hub of the core whic shields-the outlet 4 from a direct projecting of uncomminuted liquid through the same, Ican adjust the constituency of the resulting spray so as to secure the desired uniformity or homogeneit in the latter. From the above description it will be obvious that I produce my spray entirely from a solid stream of water which efiecand closely houses the core of the noztivel zle (luring the operation of my -appliance,,

thus avoiding air spaces of other hollow formations. It will alsobe obvious from Figs. 2 and 5 that l accomplish the desired result with unusually large passages for the liquid, thus eflectively preventing clogging and also reducing the deposit 'of scale or the like on the nozzle core. Moreover, all of the operative portions of the core are upon its exterior and arereadily accessible when the core is removed from the casing, thussimplifying and expediting the inspection and cleaning of the nozzle whenever this should be desired. However, while I have illustrated and described an embodiment of my invention in which the core has two vanes and in which the recesses in the vanes are located close to the hub of the core, I do not wish to be limited to these or other details of my invention, it. being obvious that the same. might be modified in many ways without departing from the spirit of the a pended claims. Neither do I wish to be limited to the use of the novel core of my appliance in connection with a tapering spray nozzle" casing, as this feature of my invention might obviously be used in any connection'in which it may vbe desirable to transform a solid and non-r0 tating stream of liquid into a solid and rotating stream, or into an im erforate stream subject to a variety of di erently directed stralns.

I claim as my invention:

1. A spray nozzle comprising a tubular housing having a tapering portion directed toward the outlet of the nozzle, and means Within the housing for imparting a variety of different motional tendencies to different portions of the initial liquid stream, the said means being disposed for delivering an imperforate stream of liquid subject to such diiferent tendencies to the larger end of the tapering portion of the nozzle casing, the operative portions of the core being disposed entirely upon its exterior.

2. A spraynozzle comprisin a tubular housing having a tapering portion directed toward the outlet of the nozzle, and means within the housing for imparting a variety of different motional tendencies-to difi'erent portions of the initial liquid stream, the said means being disposed for delivering an imill perforate stream of liquid suloject to such different tendencies to the larger end or the tapering portion of the nozzle casing, the

said means consisting entirely of an imperferate hub and vanes interposed between this hub and the casing of the nozzle and formed for effecting the said action contiguous to the said hub and vanes.

3. lln a liquid manipulating nozzle, an imperforatc core including a spiral vane having portions formed for imparting relatively difierent spirally advancing movements-to dii'lerent parts of the liquid and for moving parts or the liquid toward each other contiguous to the forward end of the core.

lflln a nozzle, a core including a spiral vane having its forward edge equipped with a recess for modifying the rate of spiral advancement imparted to a portion of the liquid by the vane.

5. In a spray nozzle core, a plurality of helical vanes each having a recess at its forward end, and each having at its rear end a recess cotiperating with the recess at the forward end or" another vane for modifying the rate of spiral advancement imparted to a; portion of the liquid by the vanes.

6. In a spray nozzle, a plurality of helical vanes disposed for producing rotary jets advancing spirally at a given rate, and

means symmetrically disposed upon the en'- .terior or" the said vanes for altering the rate of spiral advancement of a portion of each of the said yets.

7 ln a nozzle, helical vanes each disposed for deflecting liquid from its rear surtace against the forward surface oi another vane, the said vanes having portionscut away to afford passages for liquid in a direction substantiallyparallel to the axis of the nozzle,

and a casing having a portion peripherally housing the vanes, the said casing portion cotiperating with the-liquid moving through the said passages in commingling the pertions or" the liquid previously flowing along the forward and rear surfaces of the vanes into a single and impertorate stream.

. 8. A nozzle as per claim 7, in combination with a spray-producing chamber into which the said imperforate stream is projected.

9. A spray nozzle comprising a casing and an imperforate core within the casing cooperating with the latter for initially imparting spirally advancing motion to parts of a liquid stream and thereafter altering the motion for a portion of each of the said parts, thereby causing these parts to lolend into an impertorate' stream sub ected to a variety of diderent strains.

vl0. ln a liquid-manipulating appliance, means tending to produce a spirally advancing and hollow jet, and means for causing a part of said hollow jet to exert liquid pressure directed longitudinally of nozzle and thereby accelerating the rate of spiral advancement of a portion of this jet.

11. "In a spraynozzle, an imperforate core including substantially helicoidal vanes formed for initially imparting a spirally advancing movement to the liquid traversing the entire'width of the vanes and for thereafter modifying the rate ofspiral advancement of the liquid which previously had traversed a portion only or the width of the vanes.

12. ln a spray nozzle, a casing contracted at one end into a tapering spray-producing chamber having a forward outlet smaller than the rear end or thesaid chamber, and a core mounted in the casing behind the said chamber, the said core comprising a hub shi lding the outlet from the projection of 13. l'n a spray nozzle, a plurality of helical vanes disposed for producing rotary jets advancing spirally at a given rate, and means disposed upon the exterior or the said vanes for altering the rate of spiral advancement or a portion of each of the said jets.

14:. In a nozzle, a core including as one element a hub coaxial with the nozzle and as another element a vane dis osed in substantially helical formation a out the hub, one of the said elements having a recess for modifying the rate of spiral advancement imparted to the liquid by the vane.

15. lFhe method of producing a spray which consists in subdividing a solid stream or liquid into portions all spaced "from the axis of the stream, imparting similar tendencies to each of the said portions for cansin the same to advance as portions of a splral coaxial with the stream, impressing each or" the said portions with strains tending to move a part thereof toward the said axis and thereby reuniting the said portions into a single solid stream, and. projecting the latter against the walls of a tapering bore.

16. The method of producing a spray which consists in subdividing a solid stream or liquid into portions all spaced from the axis of the stream, imparting similar tendencies to each of the said portions for causing the same to advance as portions of a spiral coaxial with the stream, impressing each or the said portions with strains tending to move a part at a difierent rate ct spiral advancement also coaxial with the stream, andthereafter projecting all of the a tapering tip and a core di 'osed within the casing bac of the ta er 0 the tip and formed for initially sub viding the liquid into parts all spaced from the am's of the 5 nozzle, for then imparting movement of each of the liquid parts whereby to spirally advance the latter about the said axis, and

for thereafter impressing each of the said liquid parts with strains tending to move a portion thereof toward the said axis.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, April 11th, 1918.

. HARRY n. BINKS. 

